diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 014aec7..73b9954 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@
 
 <!-- For example, Docker, GitHub Actions, pre-commit, editors -->
 
+- Add a new option `use_pyproject` to the GitHub Action `psf/black`. This will read the
+  Black version from `pyproject.toml`. (#4294)
+
 ### Documentation
 
 <!-- Major changes to documentation and policies. Small docs changes
diff --git a/action.yml b/action.yml
index 49cd6b0..d49dc4a 100644
--- a/action.yml
+++ b/action.yml
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Python Version specifier (PEP440) - e.g. "21.5b1"'
     required: false
     default: ""
+  use_pyproject:
+    description: Read Black version specifier from pyproject.toml if `true`.
+    required: false
+    default: "false"
   summary:
     description: "Whether to add the output to the workflow summary"
     required: false
@@ -70,5 +74,6 @@ runs:
         INPUT_JUPYTER: ${{ inputs.jupyter }}
         INPUT_BLACK_ARGS: ${{ inputs.black_args }}
         INPUT_VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        INPUT_USE_PYPROJECT: ${{ inputs.use_pyproject }}
         pythonioencoding: utf-8
       shell: bash
diff --git a/action/main.py b/action/main.py
index c0af393..2258b5b 100644
--- a/action/main.py
+++ b/action/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import os
+import re
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from subprocess import PIPE, STDOUT, run
+from typing import Union
 
 ACTION_PATH = Path(os.environ["GITHUB_ACTION_PATH"])
 ENV_PATH = ACTION_PATH / ".black-env"
@@ -13,12 +15,107 @@
 JUPYTER = os.getenv("INPUT_JUPYTER") == "true"
 BLACK_ARGS = os.getenv("INPUT_BLACK_ARGS", default="")
 VERSION = os.getenv("INPUT_VERSION", default="")
+USE_PYPROJECT = os.getenv("INPUT_USE_PYPROJECT") == "true"
+
+BLACK_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r"^black([^A-Z0-9._-]+.*)$", re.IGNORECASE)
+EXTRAS_RE = re.compile(r"\[.*\]")
+
+
+def determine_version_specifier() -> str:
+    """Determine the version of Black to install.
+
+    The version can be specified either via the `with.version` input or via the
+    pyproject.toml file if `with.use_pyproject` is set to `true`.
+    """
+    if USE_PYPROJECT and VERSION:
+        print(
+            "::error::'with.version' and 'with.use_pyproject' inputs are "
+            "mutually exclusive.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+            flush=True,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if USE_PYPROJECT:
+        return read_version_specifier_from_pyproject()
+    elif VERSION and VERSION[0] in "0123456789":
+        return f"=={VERSION}"
+    else:
+        return VERSION
+
+
+def read_version_specifier_from_pyproject() -> str:
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        print(
+            "::error::'with.use_pyproject' input requires Python 3.11 or later.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+            flush=True,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    import tomllib  # type: ignore[import-not-found,unreachable]
+
+    try:
+        with Path("pyproject.toml").open("rb") as fp:
+            pyproject = tomllib.load(fp)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(
+            "::error::'with.use_pyproject' input requires a pyproject.toml file.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+            flush=True,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    version = pyproject.get("tool", {}).get("black", {}).get("required-version")
+    if version is not None:
+        return f"=={version}"
+
+    arrays = [
+        pyproject.get("project", {}).get("dependencies"),
+        *pyproject.get("project", {}).get("optional-dependencies", {}).values(),
+    ]
+    for array in arrays:
+        version = find_black_version_in_array(array)
+        if version is not None:
+            break
+
+    if version is None:
+        print(
+            "::error::'black' dependency missing from pyproject.toml.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+            flush=True,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    return version
+
+
+def find_black_version_in_array(array: object) -> Union[str, None]:
+    if not isinstance(array, list):
+        return None
+    try:
+        for item in array:
+            # Rudimentary PEP 508 parsing.
+            item = item.split(";")[0]
+            item = EXTRAS_RE.sub("", item).strip()
+            if item == "black":
+                print(
+                    "::error::Version specifier missing for 'black' dependency in "
+                    "pyproject.toml.",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                    flush=True,
+                )
+                sys.exit(1)
+            elif m := BLACK_VERSION_RE.match(item):
+                return m.group(1).strip()
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+    return None
+
 
 run([sys.executable, "-m", "venv", str(ENV_PATH)], check=True)
 
-version_specifier = VERSION
-if VERSION and VERSION[0] in "0123456789":
-    version_specifier = f"=={VERSION}"
+version_specifier = determine_version_specifier()
 if JUPYTER:
     extra_deps = "[colorama,jupyter]"
 else:
diff --git a/docs/integrations/github_actions.md b/docs/integrations/github_actions.md
index 56b2cdd..4ba03b5 100644
--- a/docs/integrations/github_actions.md
+++ b/docs/integrations/github_actions.md
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ We recommend the use of the `@stable` tag, but per version tags also exist if yo
 that. Note that the action's version you select is independent of the version of _Black_
 the action will use.
 
-The version of _Black_ the action will use can be configured via `version`. This can be
-any
+The version of _Black_ the action will use can be configured via `version` or read from
+the `pyproject.toml` file. `version` can be any
 [valid version specifier](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Version-Specifier)
-or just the version number if you want an exact version. The action defaults to the
-latest release available on PyPI. Only versions available from PyPI are supported, so no
-commit SHAs or branch names.
+or just the version number if you want an exact version. To read the version from the
+`pyproject.toml` file instead, set `use_pyproject` to `true`. This will first look into
+the `tool.black.required-version` field, then the `project.dependencies` array and
+finally the `project.optional-dependencies` table. The action defaults to the latest
+release available on PyPI. Only versions available from PyPI are supported, so no commit
+SHAs or branch names.
 
 If you want to include Jupyter Notebooks, _Black_ must be installed with the `jupyter`
 extra. Installing the extra and including Jupyter Notebook files can be configured via
@@ -70,3 +73,13 @@ If you want to match versions covered by Black's
     src: "./src"
     version: "~= 22.0"
 ```
+
+If you want to read the version from `pyproject.toml`, set `use_pyproject` to `true`:
+
+```yaml
+- uses: psf/black@stable
+  with:
+    options: "--check --verbose"
+    src: "./src"
+    use_pyproject: true
+```